Age Requirements in the Music Industry

Music brings excitement to everyone’s lives. It goes without saying, music industry is a youth dominated business.   Music creates huge portions of popular cultures, promoting fashions, make-up, automobiles, popular hangouts and latest technology. People behind scenes in music business targeting youthful audiences bring in most revenue. Performer’s ability to portray sex symbolic image determines, to a large extent, record company’s success. Age Requirements; When professionals force very young children into stretching their vocal chords to match pitches in high notes above treble staff, when a child is given drugs to work longer hours while keeping up with school work, it is too young. When an older person no longer wants to make efforts to appeal to audiences, that is when they are too old. Madonna, Tina Turner and Janet Jackson did not acquire their sex symbol images by accident, regardless of how beautiful they were when they were born. When a â€Å"stroke of bad luck† involving serious health problems, is another time when a person is too old for the music industry. This can occur at 20 years old, or it may never occur. Music industry professionals are not concerned with actual ages, as they are with possessing appearances and talent appealing to youth and ability to hold audiences. â€Å"Although Bocelli was exposed to different styles when he was young, its been my experience age doesn’t matter. What matters is a willingness to do what it takes. I have used methods to assist many singers into developing new styles, regardless of age† (Goodrich, 2007).   Carrying off a sexy singing voice is equally important as carrying off sexy physical image. Many auditions forms ask a persons age range. Age range refers to the age performers can portray. Very often, a 40 year old person has an age range of 20-25; likewise very often, a twenty five year old has an age range of 40-50. Sex Symbols; â€Å"Audiences today have a very short attention span. An ability to intrigue an audience is mandatory† (paraphrased, Ravelo, November 1, 2007).   Sex symbols definitely intrigues audiences, initially. Anyone can look like a sex symbol. Sex symbol status, like it or not, is determined by weight management. Rules of statistics do not apply to people keeping youthful appearances years longer than expected. Singers such as Beyonce, Madonna, PussyCat Dolls are superior role models for women. Their hairstyles, fashions, physique contribute to their identity of being a sex symbol. Nightclubs; Even with stricter laws on underage drinking, and the nightclub staff, many underage people successfully enter into clubs. All night club personnel must attend classes and pass a mandatory exam regarding laws. Fake identification cards, or theft of someone else’s valid ID’s are one way it is done. Legal parents or guardians accompanying their children can legally enter into night clubs and drink, as long as the beverage is served to the parent, and they parent gives them the drink. Sometimes managers bend rules allowing underage people into the club. And sometimes unmentioned arrangements are bargained with between the club and the state and city law enforcement agencies. Clubs who ID every person walking through the door, are probably the ones pulling something under the table. Nightclubs appeal to youthful crowds. Usually, nightclubs target age groups by music selection. Sometimes a persons choice of music reveals their age. People educated in music will listen to all types of music. Conclusion; Music industry has no age requirements. Music industry requires targeting youthful audiences at any age. Popular culture, which is youth oriented, is often associated with music. Music videos are full of sex symbols, including Justin Timberlake, Elvis, Ricky Martin, Usher, Gwen Steffani, Christina Augillera. Sex symbols in music industry serve as wonderful role models for all people of all ages. People who are in the spotlight also have a responsibility to ensure their behavior is worth copying. The media and Christian groups love to â€Å"throw dirt† on anything or anyone presented as a glamorous sexy superstar. Music video industry has talented sex symbols of all ages. Notes: Goodrich, M. Can Style Be Learned? Backstage.com Voice Movement; Published November 2, 2007; Date retrieved November 3, 2007 http://www.backstage.com/bso/search/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003667139 Ravelo, H., Kuhn, S., Bickelmann, L., What Top Three Things Make a Successful Actor Backstage.com; Ask A Pro. Published November 1, 2007; Date retrieved November 3, 2007 http://www.backstage.com/bso/advice-columns/ask-a-professional/ask-a-pro/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003666231

Operation Management Essay

1.Operation Management For the success of an organization, the management crew plays a major role. An organizational structure is based on different operational parameters and in order to perform all the operations, it is mandatory to scrutinize every major aspect related to the organizational strategy. Keeping the significance of operation management under consideration, different authors have developed different concepts and hence promulgated all of them in order to indicate all the major aspects that can define what the operation management is and how it helps an organization in achieving high level of success. This paper is basically about how proper operation management helps an organization in performing different tasks strategically. For this purpose, the analysis is done from different perspectives. The first part of the paper gives an overview of what is operation management and for this purpose; different definitions promulgated by different authors have been cited as evidence. The second part of the paper throws light upon the role of an operational manager and what strategic efforts enables him to perform his duty effectively. The third part of the paper identifies the relationship of operation management with other core functions and for this purpose, the case studies of Heathrow International Airport and Nestlà © UK Chocolate Factory have been elaborated. Hence, the entire paper indicates how effective operation management affects the progress graph of the company in one way or other. However, before elaborating how the manager performs  his job, it is mandatory to throw 1.1.Definition of operation management Operation management can be considered as one of the most significant factors responsible for any country’s economic growth. As service sector has observed mass development and changes, the very concept of operation management emerged with a focus on economic efficacy in manufacturing. The traditional concept of manufacturing was otherwise limited to concept of production management only. The manufacturing capabilities have been advanced through innovative procedures and techniques, new materials and facilities as numerous challenges and opportunities have been posed by rapid development in technology sector. It thus gave rise to development and management of a service system which could effectively resolve major challenges for global competitive environment (Heizer, Jay H. and Render, Barry, 2008). Around the world, operation management has now been considered as major business procedure for productivity and improvement. Organisations have become more vigilant in acquiring operation management procedures and techniques to achieve their objectives with minimum resources and efforts. (R. Pannerselvam, 2004) defined operation management as a system which an organisation employs within its framework to transform a wide range of inputs into the desired outputs (services) by achieving its requisite level of quality. Operation management transforms by combining several resources which are being used in organisation’s operation subsystem into value added products and services. Undoubtedly this has to be a controlled process and it should follow the policies of organisation, therefore the whole concept of operation management works as integrated and interrelated management activities. These management activities are sometimes limited to manufacturing of certain products which is called production management, but when the same idea is extended to effective service management, then resultant sum of manag ement procedures is called as operation management. Resources, transformation, systems and value addition activities are some key factors which represents a broader picture of operation management within an organisation. Resources are material, capital and human inputs to the process of production. Material resources include materials and physical facilities such as inventories, supplies and plant equipment etc. capital resources include bonds, stock and/or taxes which can  be used to regulate flow of associated resources. Human resource is sum of intellectual capabilities of managers, technical and non-technical staff and is considered as most vital asset of the organisation. Transformation is basically the process of combining resources for obtaining higher value goods and services than original inputs under controlled conditions. Systems depict an arrangement of multiple components developed to obtain require objectives of the plan. Business systems contain personal, finance, engineering and operation, functioning altogether for integrity of organisation. Value addition activities ensure to increase organisations’ productivity ratio and give more value to the products (Waters, C. D. J. (1991). After reviewing different definitions promulgated by different experts, the next part of the paper will analyze the role of an operational manager in an organization. 1.2.The role of Operation Manager Operation managers of any organisation are concerned with planning, systemizing and controlling the action which impact human behaviour with the help of models. Planning helps in establishing action plan for the organisation and provide future-decision making. It is thus duty of operation manager to define the objectives and goals for the operations and it’s subsystems of the organisation. They need to design procedures and policies in order to achieve those objectives. This stage embraces the clarification of role and focus of certain operations into organisation’s overall strategy. Product and services planning conversion process and facility designing are also included in the planning. The establishment of authority and tasks and other related activities fall under the head of organizing. The flow of information and structure of roles are being established by the operation managers within operation subsystems. It is their responsibility to determine the attributes es sential for goals achievement and they need to assign the responsibility and authority to carry them out (Joseph, G. Monks, 2004). Other prime responsibilities of operation managers include transforming inputs into the outputs. To devise an effective production plan, say, which employs capacity, knowledge of production facility and materials is prime responsibility of an operation manager. They are supposed to schedule and control the system demands in order to retain require services and/or produce desired goods. They need to  evaluate quality inventory levels, cost etc. to maintain the quality associated with goods and services. They are obliged to regulation of systems and resources within the organisation thus maintaining transformation and effective value addition activities. Operation managers are required to observe parameters which may affect the human behaviors. They need to evaluate models and frameworks of an effective operation management within an organisation (Slack et al). As operation management is primarily concerned with the accomplishment of both resource utilization and satisfactory customer services, operation managers are supposed to maximize both and maintain an overall satisfactory performance of the organisation. Sometimes there is improvement in customer satisfaction while deterioration in resource utilization. To overcome any such activity, operation managers are trained to tackle such conflicts and they need to find and implement a balance for the organisation in order to achieve its basic objectives. The principle customer service objective is strongly dependent upon services of an en enthusiastic and able operation manager (S. Anil Kumar, N. Suresh, 2008). The next part of the paper will discuss the relationship of operation management with the core functionalities of the organization. 1.3.Relationship of operation management with other core functions One of the most significant functions that operation management plays in an organisation that it defines the ways for strategic planning of an organisation. As strategic planning is concerned with organisation’s decisions and remedies for certain environmental and business conditions, operation management provides road map for strategic planning for the organisation and eases the way with help of fundamental concepts. The scope of operation management is not limited to transformation of inputs into the outputs by utilising physical resources thus achieving successful customer satisfaction along with efficiency, development and adoptability for the organisation, but it is deeply associated with other core functions of an organisation such as marketing, finance, personnel etc. It also include product design, quality control, maintenance management, location of  facilities, materials management, planning and product control, process design and many other core and support functions. The modern concept of operation management is very dynamic and promising and it evidently brings outstanding results for an organisation working under controlled environment (Dilworth, James B., 1999). 2.Case Studies Following are two cases studies that indicate how proper operation management strategy helps the organization in achieving its ultimate objectives. In this regard, the Heathrow International Airport and Nestle UK Chocolate Factory have been taken a evidence. 2.1.Heathrow International Airport Heathrow International Airport is the UK’s only hub airport. Around 5,500 people have been employed by the BAA at Heathrow of which 25% employees perform operational, customer service and maintenance roles. Other 75% are in security and head office functions. In addition, BAA has some 65% interest and it operates the Naples Airport. These figures show the need and significance of operation management within framework of Heathrow International Airport. An insight into Heathrow’s planning and preparation and its outstanding level of services and commitment will explain operation management practices being observed by the organisation. For example, winter resilience enquiry recently examined and implemented by operation management ensures its ability to provide excellent services and support given to passengers and employees during severe weather conditions, (Heathrow, 2011). The winter resilience initiative was carried out by operation management teams through expert peer review and extensive quality assurance. Teams studied and learned from Dallas Fort Worth, Madrid and Minneapolis-St. Paul airports which possess strong reputation for passenger welfare, airport operations and the clearance of snow. The devised plan for Heathrow was being examined and peer reviews helped it to carry out one of the most effective operation management tasks. For this, Heathrow had invested marvelously in acquiring innovative equipment which could effectively clear the airfield in reduced time. The equipment included taxiways, airside roads, runways, stands etc. and were used for the disposal of collected ice  and snow. This one task brought the Heathrow airport to fully operational status. It in fact appointed a full-time operations manager for winter that is responsible for Airport’s winter readiness controlled. The regular refinement and review of organisationâ €™s plans distinguishes it from other leading airports all over the world, (Heathrow, 2011). 2.2.Nestlà © UK Chocolate Factory Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s brand and product portfolio ranges from local favorites to global icons. The products are supported by vigorous research and development facility, focused driving renovation and innovation, and with clear priorities which is attractive and relevant for consumers. Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s desire in becoming a leader of renovation and innovation, whether of systems, processes or products define the role of governing operation management body which gives its product an entire new and refreshing aspect. From brand effectiveness to effective supply chain, from farm to the fork, nestle UK chocolate factory ensured best production and operation management. Best raw materials are being used in the preparation of chocolate and other products. For operations needs, nestle has set four pillars for effective operation management which include; increasing effectiveness and efficiency, operational efficiency, improved quality and elimination of waste. For continuous excellence and to make most innovative and appreciated products in most efficient way, nestle has implemented these four pillars into its operational management structure. The product and operational excellence has been given utmost importance all because Nestle ensures to provide its consumers with delightful products whenever and wherever they need them. Customer satisfaction is undoubtedly complimentary in consumer product market and Nestle has significantly earned it through continuous planning and operational excellence besides giving its products the desired and unmatched taste and nutrition, (Nestle, 2011). 3.Major Understandings of the study Major understandings of the study suggest that operation management is, by far, one of the most significant aspects of any organisation’s development and economic growth. It provides enormous value to the resources of the organisation and adds value to them. The resources and investments of any  organisation need to be utilized in more effective way for on-going progress. Furthermore, strategic planning division works hand-in-hand with operation management as it provides sustainable grounds for effective and efficacious planning and preparation. Indeed no organisation can survive without future plans and policies that define its objectives and goals and its overall competitive market value. Operation management thus promises sustainable future for the organisations and procures enormous economic growth under controlled conditions (Everett, E. Adam, Jr.Ronald J.Ebert, 1994). Another great aspect of operation management is its ability of giving added value to products and services of the organisation. It is aimed at increasing the efficiency of the products and services by minimizing the circumstances that may prevent organisations to achieve great market value for their products and services. As it is clear as crystal that today’s competitive environment demands higher level of excellence and efficiency from manufacturers and service providers, organisations should concentrate more and more on improving their standards. This can only be done through sustainable operation management plans and procedures. Furthermore, operation management not only serves as great tool in improving standards and adding value to goods and services, it has been proved as cost reduction tool within the framework of organisations. Great amount of capital and resources could be saved by implementing a resourceful and sustainable operation management plan which will ultimately turn the organisation into leading brand. To earn a competitive advantage in business sector, one needs to overlook every aspect that could affect it either positively or negatively. Only then unmatched products and excellent services can be manufactured and being provided (Hill, Terry, 1993). 4.Conclusions Operation management works in combination to several support and core functions of the organisation. It also increases the potential and performance of those areas where strategic and effective operation handling is essential. The scope of operation management is never dying and it embraces internal and external factors associated with business of any organisation. From manufacturing to supply, from marketing to customer satisfaction, from financing to human resource, operation management has its deep roots in the organisation’s framework (S. Anil Kumar, N. Suresh, 2008). Two case studies helped in understanding the role of operation management and how it can be utilized in improving overall performance of the organisations. Heathrow Airport is among world’s leading organisations that provide its customers with excellent services and it managed to sustain that position through years by effective operation management procedures. It has assigned one fourth of its employees to operational tasks which ensures greatest level of quality service. On the other hand, Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ employed a tremendous operation management task force to maintain its brand value. It is evident of the fact why nestle consumers prefer its products over other brands. It has successfully achieved a competitive advantage over other foods and beverage companies operating all over the world through systemic and devoted operation management and planning. Concluding, the most significant role operation management plays is ensuring greater levels of customer satisfaction for the organisations for their brands, products and services. Customer satisfaction is utmost objective of any organisation and it will require that organisation to develop, implement and manage a sustainable operation management plan that could work in vicinity of other necessary activities and operations. Operation managers at organisations have the utmost responsibility in promising desired levels of satisfaction among consumers and customers thus fulfilling requirements for achieving basic objectives for the organisation. Their role in economic development is as essential as organisation’s survival in the competitive environment (Chambers et al, 2007) References †¢Chambers, Stuart, Johnston, Robert and Slack, Nigel (2007) – Operations management (5th ed) †¢Dilworth, James B. (1999) – Operations management : providing value in goods and services. (3rd ed) †¢Everett, E. Adam, Jr.Ronald J.Ebert, 1994. â€Å"Production and Operations Management†, Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, 5th Edition †¢Heathrow, 2011. â€Å"Heathrow Winter Resilience Programme†, [online] Available at: [Accessed: 03rd December 2012] †¢Heizer, Jay H. and Render, Barry (2008) – Operations management (9th ed) †¢Hill, Terry (1993) – The essence of operations management †¢Joseph, G. Monks, 2004. â€Å"Theory and Problems of Operations Management†, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, 2nd Edition †¢Joseph, G. Monks, â€Å"Operations Management†, McGraw-Hill International Edition, 3rd Edition. †¢Nestle, 2011, â€Å"Annual Report 2011†, [Online] Available at: [Accessed: 03rd December 2012] †¢R. Pannerselvam, 2004, â€Å"Production and Operations Management†, Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, 9th print †¢S. Anil Kumar, N. Suresh, 2008, â€Å"Production and Operations Management, New Age International (P) Limited Publishers, 2nd Edition †¢Slack et al, Operations Management 4th Edition – online version †¢Slack et al, Operations Management 6th edition – online version †¢Waters, C. D. J. (1991) – An introduction to operations management

Analyzing Banking Profiles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analyzing Banking Profiles - Essay Example The core capital has also shown similar pattern, which has increased from 7.47% in 2008 to 8.99% in 2010. The capital ratio stands at 11.39% in 2010 when compared to 8% in 2006. The number of institutions reporting to the FDIC has decreased from 8833 institutions in the year 2005 to 7760 institutions in 2010. The number of problem institutions has increased drastically on a year on year basis from 552 in 2009 to 860 in 2010. The number of failed institutions has also increased to 127 institutions in 2010 from just 3 institutions in the year 2007. Possible reasons for the observed changes in the banking industry Bank’s return on assets which refers to net income as a percentage of total assets, increased which suggests that the banking industry is able to garner more interest income with rise in demand for loans with reducing cost of funds, therefore sustaining revenues and improving asset quality. In relation with the core capital ratio, Tier 1 capital can absorb losses withou t a bank being required to cease its functioning. Therefore increase in core capital ratio indicates the health of the banking industry is improving considerably. The banking industry is giving prime importance to strengthen the Tier 1 level of capital.

Georgia Tech's motto is Progress and Service. What does that mean to Essay

Georgia Tech's motto is Progress and Service. What does that mean to you - Essay Example My love for cars, which begun ever since I was a child influenced my decision to work in a motor workplace. I progressed well in my assigned areas as a BMW technician. My duties included routine maintenance and assessment of problems that vehicles brought for repair had. Good communication skills were essential to great service. I gained vast experience, which I believe prepared me sufficiently to study mechanic engineering. I once volunteered for a community service at Habitat for Humanity that operates as a non-profit organization. I also volunteered at Chattanoga Area Food Bank, where I repackaged donated food for use at food pantries. I completed coursework in web programming and ESL, which further demonstrates my academic progress. I received several awards including poetry, CMML, and skier award. My academic progress has been excellent as displayed by my transcripts. Co-curricular activities that I have engaged in include robotics, tennis, and tech club. Therefore, based on the aforementioned progress and services discharged, I believe I will be of value to Georgia Tech in realizing its vision (Georgia Tech,

Planning and Budgeting Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Planning and Budgeting - Research Paper Example [4] Under the U.S. Robinson-Patman Act, a manufacturer is not permitted to price-discriminate between two customers if the intent is to lessen or prevent competition for customers. [4] The government sometimes sets up Price Ceilings or Price Floorings to prevent the companies to price their products above or below a certain limit to protect smaller companies. The Sherman Act was designed to protect freedom of competition, thereby freeing prices to fluctuation subject to market forces. [3] All these laws do act as a guide for the companies of how to price their products but in reality it is a hindrance as the companies are not completely free to price their products as they want to. 2. I agree with the statement issued by the manager of the R&D department but there is a way around the problem. It is true that the research and development department only has a vague idea what the end result will be. That is why goals set for the research department are flexible. And based on these flexible goals the expected net present value can be found. The R&D manager can specify a range in which the expected net present value can lie as to give the company some idea how to budget and what to expect. This is the best that is possible since exact values are really difficult to predict. Part Three The company, EVENTIS is an event creator, organizer and manager. It has organized various events in its short history of 8 months and has come to be known as a very competent company. The company's portfolio includes organizing events such as weddings, concerts, gigs, conferences, seminars and the biggest event as yet, the Australian Cultural Festival. In this short span of time, EVENTIS has gathered a force of 400 young, talented and highly...[4] I agree with the statement issued by the manager of the R&D department but there is a way around the problem. It is true that the research and development department only has a vague idea what the end result will be. That is why goals set for the research department are flexible. And based on these flexible goals the expected net present value can be found. The R&D manager can specify a range in which the expected net present value can lie as to give the company some idea how to budget and what to expect. This is the best that is possible since exact values are really difficult to predict. The company, EVENTIS is an event creator, organizer and manager. It has organized various events in its short history of 8 months and has come to be known as a very competent company. The company's portfolio includes organizing events such as weddings, concerts, gigs, conferences, seminars and the biggest event as yet, the Australian Cultural Festival. In this short span of time, EVENTIS has gathered a force of 400 young, talented and highly motivated employees through its friendly and goal oriented work environment. The satisfied customer base is increasing day by day and the future looks bright for EVENTIS at least for the near future. Responsibility centers are those parts of the organization which complement its functions. The business is broken down into different segments which are controlled by different managers.

Contemporary Management Accounting System Essay

Contemporary Management Accounting System - Essay Example Hopwood (1976), in his book ‘Accounting and Human Behaviour† had stated that, â€Å"Accountants and other members of the management team searching for means of understanding and improving standard setting and budgeting; must therefore see the process in its entirety and respond to it as a complex human and technical problem rather than one standing in technical isolation.† This implies that there has been a paradigm shift in the principles and practices of management accounting. Management accounting no longer comprises of only the technical aspect of accounting, but also the multifaceted management aspect of the business on the whole. The area of management accounting has undergone considerable changes during the past years. One of the major factors that had influenced the modifications in the management accounting practices have been the dynamically competitive and swiftly altering organizational environment that is prevalent today. Additionally, the present day business settings comprise of ongoing reformation in the working atmosphere, as well as continuing progress in the financial information arrangements. With the advent of new information system practices and the development of the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, there has been a vast change in the management as well as financial accounting practices of modern day organizations. ... Hence, the role of management accounting professional were considerably influenced by the inclusion of various information systems as well as by the use of superior and efficient reporting tools (Roussoulis, 2007). Consequently, it can be stated that owing to these diverse changes in organizations leading to the emergence of modern contemporary organizations, the responsibilities of management accountants has been varying throughout the previous couple of decades. The modern accounting literature has constantly emphasised that there is a strong requirement for management accountants to diverge and deviate from the conventional bookkeeping role, to a more active role, that offers dynamic support to the organization’s management and comprises of rising involvement in business decision-making (Kaplan, 1995; Granlund & Lukka, 1997; Granlund & Lukka, 1998; Jarvenpaa, 2001). Furthermore, it has also been mentioned that the management accountants in the contemporary organizations are endowed with more responsibilities other than the routine categories of accounting tasks (Roussoulis, 2007). Under the prevalent business conditions, the management accountants of contemporary organizations are supposed to act like business partners for the management of the organization in addition to being change agents for the organization (Anthony & Govindarajan, 2007). The Concept of Management Accounting Management Accounting is one of the fundamental segments of the core management role of an organization. The management accounting practices comprises of the recognition, assessment, accretion, scrutiny, research, interpretation and correspondence of information that are required by the

Perceptions about Art Education from the Curators End Assignment

Perceptions about Art Education from the Curators End - Assignment Example The author of the paper states that for the curator to deal with his on the job and the off the job functions, it is necessary that the curator is educated and up to date with various forms and kinds of art. In order to further the education and research of curators, it is the duty of the curator and the employing institution to allow for research and personal growth. Additionally, the curator should be allowed to interact with art experts and curators through the course of regularly scheduled meetings, conferences and through specialist interactions. Another important tool in the curator’s educational arsenal is various forms of catalogs. These publications and others like them are required to educate both the aspiring curator and the expert curator alike. As new developments take place in the world of art, it is important that the curator is updated effectively through a properly standardized channel of communication such as catalogs and information plaques. Another interest ing aspect to note is that the curator from a few decades ago was required to be well informed about works of art alone. However, the modern curator is required to have knowledge of people and their interests so that exhibitions may be successful. It has been suggested that the modern curator should perform small exhibitions in order to gauge the interest of the public so that larger exhibitions are more successful. Certain scholars have argued that the roles of the modern curator have assumed new dimensions due to the growth of new tools of engagement with wider audiences. The modern curator has been interpreted as being a marketer, an interpreter, a program producer, a conservator, and other such allied roles. The modern curator has to be more involved with people and presentation compared to the traditional curator given the massive changes in how communication is managed. It is relevant to note that the uptight and self ostracised curator of the past has given way to a more inte ractive and friendly curator in the present era. Currently, the role and use of art education in curatorial practice are available but its participation needs to be increased given the kinds of new roles and responsibilities that the modern curator in the museum will have to face. The current frameworks for educating curators through museums are limited in their scope and the means that are being utilized. It is common to notice conventional means such as catalogs, information plaques, physical conferences and the like organized by museums. The need of the hour is to expand the current conventional museum curator education frameworks to incorporate digital means and channels of education. The education of the modern curator is not about becoming aware of art or of developing awareness about other myriad people interaction roles. Instead, the modern curator has to be taught to assume an independent learning framework that allows the modern curator to remain afloat in the vast sea of knowledge throughout his entire career. Presently, the curator is provided with a fixed educational frame within the museum environment that consists in large part on conventional means of education as mentioned above. The greater burden of the curator’s education has to be left to the curator himself since the museum can only act as a channel for education.  

Marketing plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Marketing plan - Essay Example The contemporary marketing is largely influenced by technology, competition, globalization and customers’ ever-changing specific requirements. Therefore, a marketer has to foresee how these significant variables can impact its marketing domain and how they can effectively be managed in order its marketing activities to be successful and to help it create long-term sustainable competitive advantage. This paper presents a marketing plan for ‘Green Pizza Restaurant’ in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, comprising of major marketing and situational analysis and relevant description of marketing objectives and marketing strategies. This paper uses SWOT analysis and PEST for analyzing both internal and external environmental factors to the business. With relation to marketing objective, segmentation, target market and positioning strategy (STP) and marketing mix strategy including its sub-elements of product, price, promotion and place are detailed in this paper. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 INTRODUCTION †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 SITUATION ANALYSIS (Internal to the company) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 Company’s mission, objectives and growth strategies †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ... 9 Competitor Analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 9 The Economic Environment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 11 Technology Environment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 11 Social and cultural environment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 11 SWOT Analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 12 Marketing Objectives†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 13 DEVELOPING MARKETING STRATEGIES †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 14 Pizza Products and its use †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 14 Segmentation Strategy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 14 Targeting Strategy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 15 Positioning Strategy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 16 Product Strategies †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 16 Pricing Strategy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 18 Promotional Strategies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 19 Supply Chain Strategies †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦ 20 IMPLEMENTING AND CONTROLLING THE MARKETING PLAN†¦ 20 Action plan †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 20 Responsibility†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 21 Budget †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 21 Time Line †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 21 Evaluation and measuring the performance†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 22 CONCLUSION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 22 REFERENCES †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 23 Introduction Planning is an extremely important and critical element to successfully performing a marketing or any other

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Research Paper Example Free radius is configured according to requirements based on functions. On the internet world, FreeRadius is most reliable solution for cyber crimes as it has multiple ways of solution against cyber crimes. Most significant use of Free Radius as a security program is for the specialized Wi Fi networks. FreeRadius users do not require any hardware or specific interface; instead they only need to have user name and password registered by the FreeRadious. In a company, employees use the certificates of given access for the company’s database and network. Time and cost are important constraints in securing the company’s network. Cost includes the purchase of hardware and other expenses of securing the network. FreeRadius is free software, which does not require an additional cost. It produces its own security certificates and compatible for all protocols used (Urpi, 13). Plenty of Linux flavor exist there and provide ways to take control of the PCs. Some of the Linux distributions are designed for easier of use of beginners. Distribution is fashioned around the Linux Kernel that varies in its functions and forms. Linux Kernel is portable that runs on the array of CPU and other devices including the Compaq iPAQ, IBM S390 and IBM Linux (Sterling, 67). Creation of Linux distribution is an intimidating task for a scratch product. Process of creation of Linux distribution involves a tool chain for a root file system and also a buildup of the Kernel. Building the proper tools requires the follow up of the simple steps (Sally). Most of IT professionals argue that Ubuntu is a top distribution in Linux. Even those who use other than Ubuntu call it a powerful distribution as things work correctly. Fedora is considered the alternative of the Ubuntu as Red Hat community always prioritized the server based features than desktop enhancements. Linux Mint shares many features of Debian and Ubuntu distributions. Linux Mint is another fine option for the Linux

Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Entrepreneurship - Essay Example Architecture for Humanity is one such institute. It was started in1999 by two individuals, Cameron Sinclair and Kate Stohr, out of their entrepreneurial spirit (Sinclair, 11). The initial concept was to search for architectural remedies to some humanitarian calamities and avail design services to populations in need. They planned to create openings and avenues through which architects and designers all over the globe would respond to humanitarian catastrophes. To achieve this, they planned to work through various forums and organize various activities such as collaborations with other firms and groups, workshops and competitions. However, regardless of various undertakings since 1999, they had not succeeded in building a single structure till after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on World Trade Centre (Sinclair, 11). They had humble beginnings and for four years were working from a small office cubicle in New York that was only 4 sq. ft. Motivated by their vision of responding and alleviating the suffering of people in humanitarian crises, they undertook various activities and ventures most at times they were strained resource-wise. First, they launched a competition to design provisional housing units for refugees in Kosovo in which they planned to build few units for refugees in Kosovo. The plans went well and raised a substantial amount of cash as well as creating awareness and building new affiliations (Sinclair, 13). Though they never constructed the houses for the refugees due to restrictions by the Kosovo government, the money went to charity through another organization- War Child. Other projects they have undertaken venture include outreach program – a Programme to fight HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa through mobile clinics (Sinclair, 13). Other activities include response to both natural and artificial debacles such as earthquakes, floods, catastrophes caused by war and other human conflicts. Design Corps is

The ManCom as Facilitator of Reforms Essay Example for Free

The ManCom as Facilitator of Reforms Essay The school depends much on the political will of the Management Committee as the implementer and facilitator of reforms in the school. Parallel leadership is an ideal concept and through Project IDEAS with the integration of other strategies, the reforms will be successful. The ManCom is provided the authority to make policy decisions. It has to create from within its committee, a team that will plan, implement and evaluate the activities of the project IDEAS to effect the reforms needed, to finally solve the diminishing quality standards of education provided by the school. Shafallah will need multiple strategies that will be implemented simultaneously – â€Å"many things happening at the same time†, and implemented by a team that will seriously and honestly devote their time and skills without bias to achieve successful school reforms. The team may be headed by the Managing Director and with the human resource department as the secretariat. The program will have to involve not only the teachers and the ManCom but also the parents and the leaders in the community who are affected by the diminishing quality of education provided by the school. The program will have to create school-wide awareness that the school is serious about bringing change and a new environment in the school. Supporting activities must accompany the change such as removal of the aspect of â€Å"nationality, race and religion† as a basis for any management decision, and focus on capability building of teachers, developing multi-skilling among existing teachers, leveling benefits through a standardized wage and salary scheme and improved school facilities. The noise created by the advocacy program is in itself, leadership on process. The entire school community will notice that the management is bent on improving the school. The teachers will regain hopes that they will be provided support in terms of exposure and more importantly, the much needed moral support from the management. The future of Shafallah lies in the performance of ManCom in achieving the leadership reforms for the school. Its most important function first and foremost is to establish the school vision and assure that it the picture of what the whole school community would want its school to be. Management with its traditional positional authority will have to step down and collaborate. Another important function is to transform itself (ManCom) and individually as administrators, to act as transformational leaders from purely the positional authority, to leaders who are not only adaptive to change but also willing to collaborate to influence change. (Avolio 1998) Another function is to transform the demoralized teaching force into teacher-leaders. ManCom will develop strategies to process the re-imaging of the teaching force. From the individual classroom practitioner to one who is a â€Å"life-long learner, a self knowing professional who works together with others to achieve a shared purpose. † (Limerick et. al. 1998 as cited in Andrews, 2004) The Community’s Role in the School Reforms The IDEAS was another process introduced by Crowther and his group which has the mechanism to possibly solve the problems of the school. One of the Australian schools that adopted innovations using the Innovative Designs for Enhancing Achievement in Schools (IDEAS) conducted learning programs addressing the capability of the teaching force and the other professionals in the school community. Seaside State School is one of those success stories using IDEAS. The school applied integrated and holistic strategies to accomplish what the school envisioned, through the development of a shared school-wide pedagogy. What is worth replicating in this sample success story is the involvement of the students, the parents and the community. The school implemented major campaigns to influence the entire school community on the vision of the school. Activities such as â€Å"vision week† celebrations strongly attended by the parents, students and the other residents of the community were held. (Andrews 2004)

Management Essay Example for Free

Management Essay 1) What forces for change are evident at the Oconomo plant? (5) The forces for change that are evident at the Oconomo plant are the callenges dealing with high labor cost. As a result Lamprey is deciding to lower wages from $16 to $1.60 per hour. Also the union and Oconomo are disagreeing with this new change taking place with the wages. 2) Which of the forces in force-field analysis do you think would be more powerful than the other in this situation? Between the two forces I think the Driving Force would be more powerful than the other in this situation. The greatest force that drives the company to expect change is that it’s operating at a high cost and instead of giving returns it’s giving out loses. As a result, the aim of the company is to make changes so that it can appreciate profits in the future. In additional to there being high cost the thing that needs to be understood is that in order for the company to meet its operations it must realize some of the returns from what it has invested. Having invested in the company the managers and shareholders should expect that the company is going to provide sufficient returns which will be shared and at the same time enable the company to stay in the market. There also exist the risks of the competitors who are in the market currently. For the company to make it in the market, it must change its working conditions so that they fit with the current market situation. Another problem is the workers point of refusing to cooperate. The company is planning to reduce the amount of pay it’s going to provide to its workers with a significant drop. This is a great problem which workers are not ready to accept the desired change of the company. Another force for change is that competitors are in the market and of late they have threatened the company from the services and products that they are providing to the society. Quality is one thing that the company should look at so as to retain its market segment else the upcoming companies will outperform the company. 3) What is the primary type of change needed – changing â€Å"things† or changing the â€Å"people and culture†? The primary change that is appropriate at the moment is changing the people and their culture. The reason as to why changing people and culture is of importance to the company is that having changed people all other things will work accordingly. People’s culture is of importance in the way the company operates simply because if the culture or people fit in the objectives of the company then all other things will be in place. People are the main target of any given business set up. This means that in changing anything that is in respect to the company’s operations then the people and their culture is the initial thing that should be taken into consideration. Another thing is that having changed people’s perception competitors will have no say because you would have drove the attentions of the market to your operations. 4) What do you think is the underlying cause of the union leaders’ resistance to change? Union leaders are resistant to change due to a single reason which the company is reluctant to handle. The reason as to the resistance is that Oconomo plant has plans to provide workers with less wages which they feel they cant live within that budget. Looking at some companies which are emerging, union leaders are not ready to accept the change simply because those companies are giving out wages which are high and the quality of services and products that they have is almost outdoing the one Oconomo plant is providing. Jim has a hard time of convincing union leaders on what should be done. What he is supposed to do is to give union leaders the risk behind getting a new job if they lose the one they have. There are so many people in the town who are looking for job. Also, he should convince them to work as the negotiation is being carried out for a better change. There are benefits that workers get from the company and if they resign, such as medical and insurance benefits, then they will no longer get until they get another job.

Installation Of Solar Power System Construction Essay

Installation Of Solar Power System Construction Essay Moshi Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authority is currently operating three boreholes which depend on electric power from TANESCO to operate the submersible water pumps. Moreover the Authority has plans to explore more boreholes to supplement the diminishing surface water abstraction capacity. The use of electric power from TANESCO has two major constraints to the Authority which are high tariffs and erratic power supply. Due to high tariffs, the cost of running the boreholes has become higher than the revenue received from selling of the abstracted water. Also, due to erratic power supply the population served by boreholes faces irregular water supply. According to MUWSAs 2011/2012 annual report data, electricity cost for running the boreholes was à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. while the revenue realised in selling the produced water was à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. this shows that, the running costs are higher than revenue by à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..%. Because the Authority has plans to explore more boreholes, the electricity costs may trend hampers the sustainability of the Authority. The overall objective of this project is to implement the solar energy power system as an alternative source of power that will cut down the costs of operating the boreholes. The solar power systems will be installed at every borehole and the electricity from TANESCO will remain at borehole stations as a backup power. This project is intended to facilitate cost-effective water production and ensuring steady supply of water to the customers served through boreholes. The project will install solar energy power systems into three boreholes, and it is expected to reduce the boreholes operation costs by à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦%. This project is expected to costà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦TZS and will be implemented for the period of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.years. LIST OF ABBREVIATION TANESCO: Tanzania Electric Supply Company LIST OF FIGURES TABLES Figure 1: Network analysis Modelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦6 Figure 2: Work breakdown structureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦7 Fig 3: Organisation breakdown structureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦8 Figure 4: Organisation structure of Summy Companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..12 Table 1: Responsibility Matrixà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦10 Table 2: project schedulingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..14 Table 3: Gantt chartà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.15 Table 4: Project budgetà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.17 Table 5: Risk rankingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.19 Table 6: Critically matrixà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.19 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY iv LIST OF ABBREVIATION v LIST OF FIGURES TABLES vi BASIC DATA SUMMARY 1 2.0 PROJECT CHARTER AND STAKEHOLDER MAP 2 WORK AND ORGANISATION BREAK DOWN STRUCTURE 7 4.1 Social appraisal 11 4.2 Political appraisal 11 4.3 Technical appraisal 11 4.4 Environmental appraisal 11 4.5 Economical and financial appraisal 11 4.6 Sustainability and risks appraisal 11 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 12 5.1 Management arrangement 12 5.2 Monitoring and Evaluation 12 5.2.1Monitoring 13 5.2.2 Evaluation 13 5.3 Quality Management 13 5.4 Project Timing and scheduling 13 5.5 Project Gantt chart 14 5.6 Project Budgeting 16 6.1 Risk Identification 18 6.2 Risk Probability 18 6.3 Criticality Matrix 19 Risk Urgency assessment 19 Table 7: Risk Urgency assessment 20 CONCLUSION 21 REFERENCE 23 BASIC DATA SUMMARY 1.1 Project Name: Installation of Solar Energy System at MUWSA Boreholes 1.2 Organization Name: Moshi Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authority 1.3 Location: Tanzania, East Africa. 1.4 Implementer: Moshi Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authority Address: P.O. Box 1001 Telephone/Fax Tel: +255 (027) 51164. Fax: +255 027 54256 1.5 Contact Person Mr .Tumaini Sadikieli Marandu Position /Title: Project Manager Phone Number: 0754 319 497 1.6 Project Duration: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ 1.7 Total Project Cost: TSH. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. 1.8 Proposed Start Date: Soon after receiving Fund 1.9 Project Beneficiaries: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. MUWSA and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦customers served with boreholes. 2.0 PROJECT CHARTER AND STAKEHOLDER MAP 2.1 Project background and rationale. Moshi Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authority was established by Waterworks Act CAP 272 charged with the responsibility of providing water supply and sewerage services in Moshi Municipality, Kilimanjaro region. It was first established in 1994 as autonomous commercial oriented water department, supervised by an Advisory Board as an outcome of implementation of the National Water Policy of 1991. In July 1998 MUWSA became an autonomous Authority with full operational, managerial and financial powers in accordance with Water Act No.8 of 1997. However, currently MUWSA operates in accordance with Water Supply and Sanitation Act No. 12 of 2009. The Authority operates as category A and thus finances all its operational costs and part of capital investments, leaving the obligation of major capital investments to the Government. MUWSA has an average water production of 25,500m/day, which comes from natural underground aquifers through springs and boreholes before being transported through 18.4km of water transmission mains and distributed in a network having a length of 249 km. Springs contributes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.% of water produced while boreholes contribute à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.%. Springs uses gravity supply system while boreholes use electric pumps. Since MUWSA finances all its operational costs, electricity is the cost centre that has been rising annually. The electricity bill has risen from TZS à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦in 2011/2012 annual budget to TZS à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ in 2012/2013. Also production from boreholes has dropped from à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦m3/day in financial year 2010/2011 to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦m3/day in 2011/2012 due to intermittent power supply. For those reasons MUWSA intends to install solar energy power systems into existing three boreholes for the aim of reducing the boreholes operation costs by à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦% and ensuring steady supply of water to the customers served through boreholes. 2.2 Project Description 2.2.1 Project Title: Installation of Solar Power Systems to the three Boreholes at Moshi Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authority. 2.2.2 Project Goal: Improved water supply services at areas served by boreholes by installation of new solar power systems. 2.2.3 Project Overall Objective: 2.2.3.1 To increase water supply hours in areas served by boreholes from an average of 12 hours to 24 hours per day by June 2015. Water supply services in areas served by boreholes are compromised by the intermittent power supply from TANESCO. To overcome this problem MUWSA plans to install solar power systems to the currently owned three boreholes as an alternative power solution which is reliable and cost-effective. Strategies: Collaborate with Ministry of Water and Development partners for funding the project. Composing a project team with members having relevant skills on project management and installations of solar power energy systems. Involvement of MUWSA management and the technical staffs on various stages of project implementation. 2.2.4 Project Output The outcome of this project is to have 24 hours water supply services in areas served by boreholes. Clients Reasonable Expectations: The successful completion of this project will give the following benefits: Supply of water for 24 hours especially to customers who are served by boreholes which will consequently improve their satisfaction. MUWSA will raise more revenue from water sales. The use of solar power which is of lower cost than power from TANESCO will cut down costs of operating the boreholes. Project Activities: This project will consist of the following activities. Submit the project proposal to the Ministry of Water and Development partners. Prepare project design and tender documents Procure contractor for project implementation. Site survey and clearance Lay foundation for electrical fittings house Brickworks, Roofing, and carpentry works of electrical fittings house. Lay foundation for solar panels fixing base Fix solar panels and electrical equipments. Electrical voltage tests Connecting power to the water pumps Water pump tests Handover the project. 2.2.7 Stakeholders Analysis This project will involve various people who have an interest on it. Customers who are served by boreholes Management of Moshi Urban Water Supply And Sewerage Authority Ministry of Water Development partners Local and Regional administrations Politicians Project team 2.2.8 Project Logical Framework uhdsfuhd 2.2.7 Cost of the Project: 2,250,000,000/= (See attached budget) 2.2.8 Duration of Project: The completion of this project will be after five years. After completion the final evaluations will be conducted at the end of year five extensively to review the whole project so as it will sustainable for long run. 2.2.10 Project strategy This project needs strategies which will facilitate the project to achieve its project goal and objectives. Such strategies are; To use a project team which consists of members who are expertise in construction of building and are very committed to the work. To involve TPSC management and students who will use that hostel in stakeholder analysis 2.2.12 Logical frame Work see annex. WORK AND ORGANISATION BREAK DOWN STRUCTURE This section deals with work and organisation breakdown structure, network analysis and responsibility matrix of the project. 3.1 Network Analysis Model for year one .Critical Path Method (CPM) 0 0 0 START 0 1 1 A 0 0 1 1 35 36 B 1 0 36 1 30 41 C 6 5 36 36 70 106 D 36 0 106 106 60 166 E 106 0 166 166 100 266 F 166 0 266 366 FINISH 366 266 20 286 H 351 80 371 266 100 366 G 266 0 366 Critical path and milestone is START -A -B -D -E -F -G FINISH Figure 1: Network analysis Model 3.2 WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE Construction of hostel Sub Structure Structure Finishing Visit site Prepare Land Design House Plan Lay Foundation Brickwork to all floors Roof carpentry Fix windows and doors Install Electricity Painting Install toilet bathroom Plumping pipe work Brickwork to floor 1 Brickwork to floor 2 Brickwork to floor 3 Brickwork to floor 4 Figure 2: Work breakdown structure 3.3 Organisation breakdown structure (project organisation structure) Project Manager Engineers Plumbers Carpenters Decorators Builder Designer Fig 3: Organisation breakdown structure 3.4 Responsibility matrixes OBS Name WBS Task Project Manager Designer Builder Engineers Plumber Carpenter Decorator Visit site A R R Design House Plan R A R Prepare Land R A Lay Foundation R A Brickwork to all floors R A Roof carpentry R R A Fix windows and doors R A Install Electricity R A Painting R A Plumping pipe work R A Table 1: Responsibility Matrix A: Means accountable person R: means responsible person PROJECT APPRAISAL This section will assess the practicability of the project. It will give the accurate analysis of the project economically, socially, politically and environmentally. Appraisal show whether the project is technically sounds, financially justified and if have benefit or negative impact to the society and government as whole. 4.1 Social appraisal This project will have high impact to the target group (Students of TPSC) and society at large. This project will help many students to stay within the campus at low cost ie.Tsh.200,000/= per semester. Society living around the college will benefit by selling goods and services to students. 4.2 Political appraisal This project is compatible with government policy. This is because one of the goals in Tanzania government policy is to provide quality education. 4.3 Technical appraisal The project will use technology which is familiar to our experts. There is no need of requesting foreign consultancy outside the country. Although in terms material resources there is need of requesting some resource material from abroad. 4.4 Environmental appraisal This project will not affect the environment. This project will protect environment because trees will be planted across the building and roads. Those trees will protect land and keep good atmosphere. 4.5 Economical and financial appraisal This project will increase national income and will be a source of temporary employment to 100 peoples in Tabora region. This project will generate an approximated of Tsh. 2,000,000,000 after 5 years. See income statements under budget. 4.6 Sustainability and risks appraisal Sustainability of this project is high. This project will be sustainable from implementation and after being completed. Although there are some risk which will have impact to the project success. Such risk includes delay of fund, bad weather, key employee will not present when needed and currency inflation which can cause price of material to rise up. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PLAN This part gives short explanations about Management arrangement, Budgeting, Monitoring and evaluation and Quality management of the project. 5.1 Management arrangement Organisation structure is among components in organisation which affect performance within organization Operations.Summy Company is the company which is operate well due to good organisation structure. Below is the organisation structure of Summy Company which implement this project. C.E.O Human Resource Manager Procurement manager Finance manager IT manager Project manager Heads of department in project Figure 4: Organisation structure of Summy Company 5.2 Monitoring and Evaluation Monitoring and Evaluation is very important in any project implementation. This is because in project, monitoring and evaluation enables to know the progress of the project, if money and resources are used according to the plan, to resolve conflict among project staffs, to check the quality of the product or service provided as well as to assess whether the project meets the stakeholder needs or not. 5.2.1Monitoring This project will be monitored daily by project manager and other project team members who will be formulated by project manager. This process will be done every day in order to check if the project activities are done effectively and correct according to the stakeholder needs and to resolve conflict among project team 5.2.2 Evaluation Evaluation of this project will be done annually at three levels. Level one will include the project implementing team. The overall in charge manager of this level is project manager. The second level of evaluation will involve different stakeholders and internal specialist evaluator. The third evaluation of this project will include external project evaluator. The project evaluator evaluates the whole project annually and then prepares evaluation annual report of the project. Areas to evaluate will include checking the cash outflow in a project, the resources plan, and implementation schedule, overall progress of the project and the direction of the project. Evaluation will allow project manager and management team to make decisions in order to meet project deadline, to produce quality product or services and to use money according to the budget allocated. But evaluation team of year five will includes internal and external experts of evaluation, stakeholders who have high interest and high power within a project, project manager, project sponsor, government and community. 5.3 Quality Management The purpose of quality Management is to ensure that the projects meet specification and customer requirements (Smith 2008). This project will produce the product which has high quality. In order to manage the quality of the product, the quality management team will be created. This quality management team will work together with monitoring and evaluation team. 5.4 Project Timing and scheduling This project will be done into four phases. Phase one will be completed at the end of year one, phase two will be completed at the end of year two, phase three will be completed at the end of year three and phase four will be completed at the end of year five. The table below shows project activities with its corresponding durations. Table 2: Project scheduling S.NO Activity Duration in (Days) Immediate Predecessors Visit site 01 Design house Plan 35 A Prepare Land 35 AB Lay foundation 70 C Pouring water on foundation 60 D Brickwork to floor 1 100 E Pouring water on floor 1 100 F Monitoring and Evaluation 20 G Brickwork to floor 2 100 G,EF Pouring water on floor 2 100 I Brickwork to floor 3 100 J Pouring water on floor 3 100 K Monitoring and evaluation 14 L Brickwork to floor 4 100 M,K Pouring water on floor 4 100 N Roof carpentry 90 O Fix windows and doors 90 P Install toilets and bathroom 90 Q Plumping pipe work 90 P Install Electricity 90 P U. Monitoring and evaluation 14 T V. Writing project report 30 U W. Project closure/submit project to client 1 V5.5 Project Gantt chart Activity Duration(days) Immediate Predecessor Numbers of duration in years but divided into phase of 6 months 1 2 3 4 5 6mnts 6mnts 6mnts 6mnts 6mnts 6mnts 6mnts 6mnts 6mnts 6mnts A 01 B 35 A C 35 AB D 70 C E 60 D F 100 E G 100 F H 20 G I 90 GEF J 60 I K 90 J L 60 K M 14 L N 100 M,K O 60 N P 60 O Q 60 P R 60 Q S 70 P T 70 P U 14 T 5.6 Project Budgeting PROJECT BUDGET (IN TSH) 000 NARRATION YEARS TOTAL INCOME 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 NSSF 240,000 220,000 200,000 185,000 270,000 1,115,000 PSPF 270,000 300,000 190,000 210,000 165,000 1,135,000 Total Income 510,000 520,000 390,000 395,000 435,000 2,250,000 Expenditure Administrative expenses (A) Currency in TSH. 1 C.E.O 15,000 18,000 22,000 25,000 28,000 108,000 2 Project Manager 18,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 128,000 3 Engineers 7,000 8,000 9,000 11,000 15,000 50,000   4 Human Resource Manager 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 17,000 69,000   5 Accountant 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000 50,000 6 Personal secretary 2,000 3,000 5,000 7,000 9,000 26,000 7 Transport allowances 10,000 12,000 13,000 15,000 16,000 66,000 8 Monitoring and Evaluation 7,000 10,000 13,000 _ 15,000 45,000 9 Contingency 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 35,000 Subtotal (A) 82,000 92,000 118,000 115,000 147,000 542,000 equipments Expenses (B) Currency in TSH. 1 Office equipment 8,000 _ _ _ 8,000 2 Office furniture 12,000 _ _ _ 12,000 3 1 Project Vehicles 70,000 _ _ _ _ 70,000 4 Fuel 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 70,000 Subtotal (C) 100,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 160,000 Construction Expenses(C) Currency in TSH. 1 Designing Work 13,000 _ _ _ _ 13,000 2 Electrical work _ _ _ _ 50,000 50,000 3 Engineering Work 40,000 45,000 50,000 55,000 60,000 250,000 4 Plumbing Work _ _ 30,000 35,000 40,000 105,000 5 Building Work 100,000 120,000 130,000 150,000 170,000 670,000 6 Carpenters Work _ _ _ 50,000 55,000 105,000 Roofing Work _ _ _ 30,000 30,000 60,000 7 Labour Charge 40,000 45,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 265,000 8 Decorator work _ _ _ _ 30,000 30,000 Sub Total (C) 193,000 210,000 260,000 380,000 505,000 1,548,000 Grand Total 2,250,000 Table 4: Project budget PROJECT RISK ANALYSIS According to businessdictionary.com(2011),Risk is a probability or threat of a damage, injury, liability, loss, or other negative occurrence that is caused by external or internal vulnerabilities, and that may be neutralized through pre-emptive action. All projects have risks which in one way or another may affect the project to meet the goal and objectives according to the plan. In order to overcome these risks project manager is required to overcome potential hazards that a project may be exposed to. 6.1 Risk Identification This project will face the following risks; Delaying of fund Poor time management and budget Bad weather Key employee will not present when needed Required resource material will not be delivered on time Inflation Natural Hazard Labour strike 6.2 Risk Probability S/NO Risk Name Probability of Occurrence A Delaying of fund Low B Poor time management and budget Low C Bad weather Low D Key employee will not present when needed Medium E Required resource material will not be delivered on time Low F Inflation Medium G Natural Hazard Low H Labour strike Low Table 5: Risk ranking 6.3 Criticality Matrix According to a lecture delivered as part of module ARUM28EMK criticality matrix can be used to identify risk based on marking the probability and impact assessment: High, Medium and Low (Sassman 2011). Low Probability Medium Probability High Probability High Impact Delaying of fund Poor time management and budget Labour strike Inflation Medium Impact Required resource material will not be delivered on time Key employee will not present when needed Low Impact Bad weather Natural Hazard Table 6: Critically matrix Risk Urgency assessment Risk Name Risk Category Probability of Occurrence Magnitude of Impact Risk response Low Medium High Low Medium High A Financial Follow up source of fund several times B Operational Set stable budget and contingency C Environmental Flexible on doing activities D Resource Prepare two or more key persons ,dont depends on one person E Resource To order material in advance F Financial To increase budget G Environmental To increase Contingency fund H Operational Conduct several meeting with employee Table 7: Risk Urgency assessment CONCLUSION This project focuses on construction of students hostel at Tanzania Public Service College (TPSC) Tabora Campus. The construction of hostel will increase number of students at TPSC as well as their academic performance. This project is very important project because it addresses the problems facing TPSC students and gives the output which will solve the existing problems. Also this project will not affect environment but will facilitate the conservation of environment. Through this project more than 100 peoples will get temporary work which will give them income. So this project will benefit students of TPSC Tabora Campus as well as the country as a whole. ANNEX 1: LOGICAL FRAME WORK NARRATIVE SUMMARY VERIFIABLE INDICATORS MEANS OF VERIFICATION ASSUMPTIONS/RISKS Overall goal To improve academic performance and standard of living for students through building hostel by 2016. Reduced number of failures by 40% Increase number of student living within the campus by 50% Examination Result Hostel data Project purpose To build hostel at TPSC Tabora Campus that will accommodate 1000 students Number of students living within Campus increased by 50% Working hostel Hostel and Admission data Delay of fund Lack of Material Natural hazard Output(Expected Results) Working Hostel Academic Performance improved by 40% Students who attends night lecture are increased by 40% Students living within the College increased by 40% Increased number of pass by 40% Increased number of students who attends night lecture by 40% Increased number of students who living within the Campus by 40% Examination results Class Attendance Hostel data Activities Visit site Design house Plan Prepare Land/ clear site Lay foundation Brickwork to all floors Roof carpentry Fix windows and doors Install

The black death Essay -- essays research papers

What was the Black Death, and what was its impact on European society? The Black Death was a bacterium which was carried by flea infested rats. This disaster spread across Europe quite rapidly. Much accusation for the cause of the plague was pressed onto the Jewish community. The most common plague was the bubonic plague, although the pneumatic plague also existed. This disaster caused economic, social, political and cultural havoc. Approximately 50% of the infested population died, which, was estimated between 19 to 38 million. During this occurrence 25 to 50 percent of the population throughout Europe decreased. The plague began around 1347 and did not end until around 1369. What major problems did European states face in the fourteenth century? There was economic mayhem during 1347-1351 caused by drop in population, which was caused by the immense amount of deaths caused by the Black Death. Peasants salaries were increasing where as aristocrats’ loss around 20 percent of their income. This caused social instability and lead riots. Peasants revolted against the nobles which affected commercial and industrial activities. The political structure changed causing instability. This was due to internal conflicts on who should lead to bureaucracy. How and why did the authority and prestige of the papacy decline in the fourteenth century? The papacy began to lose control when King Philip IV chose to tax the French clergy, without the pope’s consent. The Struggle...

Faces Of The Diamond - Essay O :: essays research papers

Faces of the Diamond - Essay on The Diamond as big as the Ritz â€Å"Diamond †¦ was designed utterly for my own amusement. I was in a mood characterized by a perfect craving for luxury, and the story began as an attempt to feed that craving on imaginary foods.† Craving is a strong, urgent and persistent desire. According to Buddhist teachings, desire is the root to all the sufferings and injustices in the world. If it were the goal of mankind to abandon their desires for excessive needs, the world would be a peaceful and harmonious place. Throughout history, there had also been great prophets such as Isaiah and other outstanding preachers who made daring attempts to convert and lead mankind back to the Lord, our God. However, their words of wisdom fell upon deaf ears for evilness can be very seductive. With a similar task to those of the prophets and preachers, the author F. Scott Fitzgerald, also known as the poet of the Jazz Age, criticizes the American society in a different approach. By stressing and emphasizing on the societyâ⠂¬â„¢s worst features, the faults of its members will be greatly magnified and clearly defined. This literary genre of satire is employed by Fitzgerald in his novelette, â€Å"the Diamond as Big as the Ritz† to ridicule the American society on the terms of the corruption of the American dream, the maltreatment of human life and the limits to the power of wealth. Before the dawning of the Jazz Age, the American dream stood for hard work, honesty, virtue, and morality, as any individual of the society is able to achieve success and rise to a higher level of material living regardless of one’s origin. As time proceeded, Americans began to strive for their goal through underhanded tactics thus corrupting the main principles of the utopian dream. Hence, the American dream has now become a satirical term that is known for crime, deceit, stealing, and killing. â€Å"The Diamond as Big as the Ritz† features Braddock Tarleton Washington, the richest man on Earth, as one who rises to ultimate power without having to work for it. Born a direct descendent of George Washington, Braddock only takes care to protect his prized possession, the world’s biggest diamond rivaling in size with the Ritz-Carlton Hotel. His task is easily accomplished by simply killing and imprisoning those who accidentally stumble upon his property and learn of his secret possession.

Critiquing Gender Constancy as Practice and as Model :: Gender Sex Research Essays Papers

Critiquing Gender Constancy as Practice and as Model "What is REAL?" asked the rabbit one day..."It doesn't happen all at once," said the Skin Horse. "You become. It takes a long time. That's why it doesn't happen often to people who break easily, or have sharp edges, or who have to be carefully kept. Generally, by the time you are Real, most of your hair has been loved off, and your eyes drop out and you get loose in your joints and very shabby. But these things don't matter at all, because once you are Real you can't be ugly, except to people who don't understand." A current debate in Developmental Psychology centers around when gender labeling, identity, and stereotyping first occur in children, and how the timing of these events correlates with a moment in every child's life where they reach what is called "gender constancy." Gender constancy, briefly, is the knowledge that the mechanical sex one has been assigned will always be his or her sex, but also the knowledge that he or she will always be a girl or boy, and the characteristics that go along with that gender are a part of his or her permanent future identity. Before the age of around three or four, children state that they believe that they can grow up to be a different gender than they are now, and they can change genders based on how they dress or cut their hair. I guess fortunately slower than many children, I struggled with this concept of gender constancy long after mastering that rabbit-hat illusion, and it never really caused me a great deal of pain or confusion until the end of high school. The fact that I never really liked girls, but that I was a girl never really occurred to me as a problem. Looking back now, I was such a contradiction because I did so many "girl" things, but I didn't think I respected "girl" things. I could easily observe and then decide not wear make up or high heels and my protests of "girl" were obvious, but I was quiet and polite in my way of acting and speaking I didn't have gender constancy when I was 3 or 4; I was 18 when I finally realized, "I'm a girl", and despite my respect for "boy" things, I was never going to be a boy, and although I could do as many "boy" things as I wanted, society would always treat me differently.

Rationality of the research

  Tourism is one of the largest industries in UK, apart from generating employment both directly and indirectly to large number of people; it is also a source of foreign exchanges for UK government.The net worth of  Ã‚   tourism is approximately  £63.83 billion and it employs more than 1.5 million people about 7 percent of all employment in restaurants, travel agencies museums, and pubs.Apart from being one the largest, tourism has also become number one online segment. The number of travelers who use the   internet for travel-related purposes have continued to increase daily. Latest data from Internet World Stats reveal that world’s internet users have reached approximately 1.17 billions with UK ranks 7th in the world with approximately 37.6 millions internet users.2Therefore, with the increase in the numbers of travelers that book online, tourism has continued to experience booming in sales.People now book rooms, buy tickets and make hotel reservation online. Recent announcement from British Hospitality Association revealed that the UK Economy benefited from tourism in 2004 to the tune of  £81.5 billion.Thus web presence has now become an essential factor in the growth of tourism industry, therefore the use of website to search for necessary information has been on the increased tremendously. Nevertheless, the design of website is a key issue for the tourisms organization and it has become an indispensable tool in making revenue for many organizations.The information gathered from 2005 Market Report revealed the number of people engaging in electronic commerce in UK is increasing yearly.4

“Bold Girls” by Rona Munro Essay

In her drama Bold Girls, Rona rice beer has created a relevant and inspiring legacy of war-torn Northern Ireland. Her drama depicts the quotidian struggles and predicaments faced by four picky women, who seem to thrive on their fantasies and illusions solely except Deirdre who is marked out as different from the dramas root systemDeirdre is not in this room, shes crouching on all(prenominal) fours on her own lectureout of darkness in which only her face is visible.Introduced as a phantasmagorical and somewhat eerie character it is no surprise that Deirdre contrasts greatly with the three opposite women. It is her persistent search for the rectitude that polarises her from the differents and shits her to be at odds with them as they wriggle out out rightfulness and cushion themselves with their raised(a) dreams. This base of fantasy versus humans is a main concern within the looseness, and it is by thinks of monologues and stage direction that we be allowed a dee per understanding of severally characters situation and of the forms themes.A particular monologue of Deirdres doubtless confirms that her search for truth will forget in the hurt of others and possible confrontations and fiery scrapsThe lights changeI need a knife a wee brand name of my ownIt was the knife he was talkingabout. It was the truth. I thought Id like that. A wee irregular of hard truthyou could hold in your hand and leg where you liked.The lights changeI swear this monologue verifies Deirdres social function as catalyst. By this point we have been introduced to all four women and to their dreams and fantasies, which Deirdres wee stigma of truth threatens to destroy. Deirdres yearning for the truth ca works her to kill these dreams, saving the three idealistic women crashing back to the tart universe that surrounds them. Deirdres conflict is sterling(prenominal) with the central character, Marie. Comp ard with mimosa bush and Noras buttoned-down dreams of redecorating her living room (Nora) and leaving capital of Northern Ireland ( flamboyant), Maries delusions of her late husbands heroic acts and credibility are not as empty as her friends.These dreams are ins bowled within objects in the womens homes for example Noras dream is symbolised by a steady polyester mix, Cassies by a wad of money mystical behind Michels photograph and Maries by a grainy bobble up of her late husband, Michael. As the play progresses it becomes apparent that Deirdre is intent on destroying from each one characters dream, but I think it is in like manner suggested that she is somewhat unit of measuremented with Marie and her dream. sake again consecrates use of symbolisation to connect these dickens characters. For example, Deirdres miniskirt dress is reminiscent of Maries spousals dressThen other times she looks like meyou remember that dress I wasmarried in, that wee white mini-dress?She stands. And stares.I believe it is as though Munro i s depicting Deirdre as a weirdy of Maries past. This becomes relevant later in the play when Deirdre reveals to Marie that she is in fact Michaels lady friend.The simple observation of Deirdre standing solo at the bottom of the path reflects how she appears dislocated from the others in her search for truth she longs to campaign the truth and become part of the family unit maintained by the three other womenIm potent, Im cold. I insufficiency to get innerI want to get inside. dopetkeep me out.This monologue has quite a threatening undertone , it is as though Deirdres isolation formers her distress. I believe also that the use of wet and cold highlight the harsh purlieu and the fact that Deirdre is unloved. I think all of these factors isolation and the longing for truth cause Deirdre to act as catalyst. In winning on this role, Deirdre threatens to destroy the fellow womens dreams. Her first act as catalyst is when she steals Cassies money because ruining her dream of escape and freedom. Deirdre makes intelligible to the reader that Cassies cautious dream is false and unobtainable in a short, eerie monologueThe hale towns a pri countersign, conk out chunks off the wall causewere all in a prison.Cassies dream of escape is pellucidly unrealistic and false and I believe Deidres destruction of the dream validates this idea.Deirdre also appears to be in conflict with Nora, Cassies mother, a she goes on to use her wee blade of truth to drip Noras shiny peach polyester model and ultimately her dreamDeirdrelooks at the broad, smoothen stretch of material then startsto berate at it, ripping it, trampling it till shes breathless.Deirdres violent replyions I believe show what harsh and offensive situations she has been exposed to. She desires to know the truth so much, that she finds happiness in destroying the illusions and fantasies of others, forcing them to face their reality and embrace the truth.Although Cassie and Nora do invalidate the truth that their materialistic hopes will everlastingly elude them, it is Maries complete glossing everywhere of the truth that causes her to be most at odds with Deirdre. Her lullaby that she uses to calm her son for example, shows how dependant she is on her delusions about MichaelYour dada was a good man and a brave manthats whatkeeps us all together, keeps me going, keeps me strongMarie finds comfort in her deluded memories of Michael. I believe this blanking of the truth angers Deirdre and causes her to react violently and destructively toward Marie and her dreamsDeirdre hurls the clothes at her. She snatches the knife outof the chair and waves the blade at Marie. She advances onher slowly.I want the truth out of you. I mean it.This I believe is symbolic in showing that Deirdre uses the truth as a harmful device and that Marie is threatened by its potential exposure. Maries reaction is portentous and uncharacteristic of her gentle, nurturing nature she takes Michaels des ignate and using Deirdres knife, destroys it. Marie in turn destroys Deirdres dream of knowing the truth about her father.These two characters, who are at the greatest point in their conflict portray through their actions the main concerns of the text edition reality versus illusion reality conquers oer dreams and pointless fantasies. The unveiling of the truth brings these two closer together allowing them to reconcile. The conclusion of the play suggests hope and optimism for the recovery of these women. They share in a special, ritual feeding of the birds, their kinship to emulate that of a mother and daughterDid you ever feed the birds, Deirdre?NoI like the common wee birdsyoud need to be something specialto gird a nest around the Falls. someone should feed them. Deirdre and Maries conflict is refractory by Maries embracing of the truth that she has for so long avoided. The central idea of Bold Girls of reality versus dreams is made obvious by the characters actions, they cope by blow up their harsh reality and cushioning themselves with fantasies and illusions. These qualities are instilled within the characters of the play, Marie, Cassie and Nora thrive on fantasies and dreams whereas Deirdre lives for the truth.The fence forces I feel cause the characters to be in conflict with each other. Their compromising situations and contrasting ideas about reality create friction between the opposing characters of Deirdre and Marie. Munro expertly uses stage direction, soliloquy and the opposing forces of truth and fantasy to make apparent the concerns of the text and to heighten my person-to-person appreciation of their importance in these womens lives.